Ben Miller
Former Higher Education Research Director, Education Policy Program
If there was one thing Corinthian Colleges excelled at in the last few years it was sending students into debt with questionable credentials that were almost certainly going to lead to default. So maybe it鈥檚 fitting that its new owners are a company whose revenue and resource base is built upon collecting defaulted student loans.
That鈥檚 what would happen under the in which Corinthian Colleges would sell almost all of its non-California U.S. campuses to the Minnesota-based Educational Credit Management Corporation, or ECMC. The total purchase price would be $24 million, though three-quarters of that is going to either indemnify ECMC or back to the Department of Education.
It鈥檚 easy to confuse ECMC with the similarly named EDMC鈥攖he struggling publicly traded Education Management Corporation that operates the Art Institutes among other brands. But they are quite different. ECMC is not a college operator. It has no educational expertise (not that EDMC鈥檚 is great either given the spot it鈥檚 in). It鈥檚 a nonprofit vestigial organization from the days of the bank-based student loan system.
ECMC is what鈥檚 known as guaranty agency. These are a set of agencies that in the days of the bank-based loan system would pay claims to lenders when a federal student loan defaulted (they do not operate in the current Direct Loan Program). By law they had to be public or nonprofit entities. Once a guaranty agency takes over a defaulted loan it is聽in charge of collecting on the loan or trying to rehabilitate it鈥攆unctions for which it is聽compensated handsomely. In fact, guaranty agencies get about they collect in defaulted student loans (plus charging collection costs) or rehabilitate by getting borrowers to . For example, ECMC had , the most recent year for which Internal Revenue Service filings are available. Of that, 89 percent ($379 million) came from loan collection. It also , a student loan debt collection agency that has a contract with the Department of Education.
In addition to its role as a guaranty agency and debt collector, ECMC also provides a special function for the Department as its handler of the $2.9 billion in federal student loans that are involved in bankruptcy proceedings. In January of this year the an article about ECMC鈥檚 overzealous pursuit of borrowers in bankruptcy that 鈥渨asted judicial resources.鈥 This included things like accusing an older couple that shared an extra value meal at McDonald鈥檚 of spending too much money on dining out.
That should be shocking, but it鈥檚 indicative of the core business that ECMC knows and operates in鈥攄ebt collection and the unpleasant things that come with it. It does not award college credentials. It has a pile of cash constructed over years from struggling borrowers and a lack of a future revenue source now that the bank-based system is gone. The two are a recipe for acquisition; regardless of how related they are to expertise.
To be fair, ECMC is . It鈥檚 promising a tuition reduction, new senior leadership, transparency, and a host of things that sound good. But it has no experience doing any of these things and will now have to do all of them on the fly while still trying to maintain enrollment.
In many ways it鈥檚 not surprising that ECMC would be the party that ends up solving the issue of what to do with Corinthian. After all, it鈥檚 been the Department鈥檚 go-to last resort in the past. When the guaranty agency in Connecticut failed, ECMC stepped in to take it over. It did the after its guarantor Ed Fund, was shut down by the Department for trying to sell its loan guarantees. ECMC had provided similar roles in the past in Virginia and Oregon.
Now what was the guarantor of last resort is apparently becoming the educator of last resort, providing a way to limit the number of students who lose spots in educational programs that data repeatedly showed were not good values and left many people in bad shape. At least ECMC already knows what to do with them once they get there.