The Infinite Appeal of Black Twitter
In the beginning, there was Black Twitter. Since the Pew Research Center started tracking data on the micro-blogging social network in 2010, black Americans have demonstrated relatively high Twitter use, culminating in , when 22 percent of online black users could be found tweeting versus 16 percent of white users.
On Twitter, the name of the game is visibility. Before Facebook and Instagram entered the arena of hashtags, Twitter had already built its brand via crowdfunded discourse and open profiles. 鈥淚n terms of earlier social media communication, Twitter has an immediacy and an openness,鈥 explains Sherri Williams, a postdoctoral fellow at Wake Forest University who has studied the impact of Black Twitter. 鈥淲e didn鈥檛 see that with other social networks that basically enabled us to see the postings and the updates of our friends.鈥
So what happens when blackness, often a driver of popular American culture, becomes integral to the personality of Twitter? With March marking 11 years since Twitter launched, it鈥檚 perhaps prudent to take a look at how the social network has become the lifeblood of a new social movement鈥攁nd how this has also opened it up to exploitation.
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鈥#OscarsSoWhite they asked to touch my hair.鈥 Irreverent. Humorous. Biting. The beginning of a movement that would end with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences鈥 51-member board of governors unanimously approving a series of sweeping and historic changes designed to diversify its membership. When April Reign, the managing editor of Broadway Black, launched #OscarsSoWhite to help amplify the conversation around the Academy Awards鈥 historic lack of diversity among its 2015 nominees, she knew that the conversation would move beyond her. #OscarsSoWhite and the media firestorm it created鈥攔aging for weeks in publications from the Los Angeles Times to New York Magazine鈥攄rew attention to a specific issue. And it was successful by many metrics. For instance, last year Academy President Cheryl Boone-Isaacs invited the Academy鈥檚 largest and most diverse class ever, with extended. A month hasn鈥檛 gone by without conversations surrounding diversity and representation in Hollywood, from the controversy around the to discussions inspired by Salma Hayek鈥檚 that black women face a specific kind of invisibility in media.
But Reign also ran into a fundamental issue of traditional media reporting on social media: the attribution of a specific hashtag not to the creator or to the (black) users who engaged with it, but to a vague and nebulous 鈥淭witter鈥 as a whole. 鈥淭here were a lot of instances where I was not given credit for starting the hashtag,鈥 she recalled in an with the Daily Beast. 鈥淎nd I think that happens all too often. Is mainstream media following us? Absolutely. Are we getting credit for what we鈥檝e created? Absolutely not.鈥
Hashtags created by black users and popularized by Black Twitter frequently dominate the news cycle鈥攆rom #OscarsSoWhite to #BlackLivesMatter to #FamousMelaniaTrumpQuotes, which emerged after a Twitter user noticed that Melania 国产视频 speech at the 2016 Republican National Convention bore an unmissable resemblance to Michelle Obama鈥檚 2008 DNC speech. The same formula usually follows: The hashtag will trend, media organizations will compile a list of tweets (typically without consulting the user), and publish a piece that will garner a huge number of clicks and advertising revenue.
The problem is not with the formula, per se; it is with the fact that those same, mostly white media organizations profiting from the visibility and ingenuity of Black Twitter only perpetuate sidelining black thinkers and writers from what鈥檚 often considered mainstream media. In 2013, an American Society of News Editor鈥檚 study that the percentage of journalists of color fell to 12.37 percent from a 13.73 percent 鈥渉igh鈥 in 2006. The use of Black Twitter as a driver of traffic without institutionalizing black presence in newsrooms is not only a problem of an overwhelmingly homogeneous media landscape, but also a problem of ethics.
Traditionally, when journalists start reporting a story, they identify a person who is either affected by or strongly interested in an issue and then interview them. Alternatively, journalists will find someone who is considered an expert on the subject. 鈥淏ut what is happening now is you see reporters just poaching tweets from people鈥檚 timelines,鈥 Williams explains. 鈥淭hese are people who didn鈥檛 necessarily think that their tweet was going to end up on the evening news or as a part of an online news story by a major publication, and that tweet may be out of context and it may not necessarily represent the fullness of what someone wanted to say. That鈥檚 an ethical concern for me.鈥
Media organizations are not the only ones who profit from how Twitter has amplified black culture and exposed it to the mainstream. When the International House of Pancakes tweets out 鈥淧ancakes on fleek,鈥 it can be said with a degree of certainty that there were no black millennials on that marketing team. The same can be said when Hamburger Helper tweeted 鈥淭he mixtape is almost ready鈥 alongside a dupe of Drake鈥檚 iconic Nothing Was The Same album cover with the Hamburger Helper logo instead of Drake鈥檚 profile. Or when , in which a photo of actor Kayode Ewumi pointing to his temple with a. 鈥淭hese different companies can be lurkers and voyeurs and look at the way black people communicate on Twitter and use their language,鈥 says Williams. 鈥淏ut how many of those people are they going to hire to work in their companies?鈥
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In 2013, Ta-Nehisi Coates that if he were forced 聽to use one word to describe the relationship between the United States and its black citizens, it would be theft. 鈥淭heft of labor and theft of family in slavery. Theft through mortgages for some and contract loans for others. Theft of tax dollars which support 鈥榩ublic鈥 libraries that do not want you, 鈥榩ublic鈥 pools that will not have you, 鈥榩ublic鈥 schools that will not teach you, and 鈥榩ublic鈥 universities that will riot at the sight of you.鈥
Black labor and black bodies have always been marked as available for consumption and disdain. Amazingly, black American culture has thrived despite centuries of oppression and second-class citizenship, only to be repackaged, rebranded, and served to a mass audience because it was so rich and complicated and interesting. We鈥檝e seen this down through the decades, the only difference being that today鈥檚 cultural theft has been displaced to the Web. In a world where the average white person鈥檚 network is only , but where social media also allows unprecedented consumption sans actual engagement, 聽it only makes sense that so much of white people鈥檚 interactions with unfiltered black thought and conversation are so problematic.
Because in fact there is nothing new happening between black people on Twitter. These conversations have been happening for years in barbershops, in living rooms, and in bars. What has changed is the access corporations now have to blackness. Again, the problem is not in the appreciation for the vibrancy of our culture鈥攊t鈥檚 the fact that from Big Mama Thornton to 鈥渂oxer braids鈥 to modern street style, credit is almost never given where it鈥檚 due.