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Soleimani’s Shadow

Table of Contents

• Executive Summary
• I. Introduction
• II. The Origins of Iran’s Afghan and Pakistani Shi’a Networks
• III. Crossroads in Khuzestan: Afghan Shi’a Mobilization During the Iran-Iraq War
• IV. The Arab Spring: A New Phase of Iranian Proxy Warfare Strategy
• V. Keeping the Faith in Sacred Defense
• VI. Spinning the Fatemiyoun: Raising an Army of Disposable Afghan Diaspora Online
• VII. The Future of the Fatemiyoun Division
• Conclusion: Soleimani’s Legacy and What it Means for the Future of Proxy Warfare
• Appendix I-Timeline: The Rise of Iran’s Afghan Shia Cadres
• Appendix II-Prominent Fatemiyoun Propaganda Organizations and Groups